Olten (German pronunciation: [ˈɔltn̩]; High Alemannic: Oute) is a town in the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland and capital of the district of the same name.

Olten grew into a town during the Middle Ages at the location of a bridge over the Aare . After a period of decline, it grew rapidly as a railway town in the 19th century. Its railway station is a major rail hub of Switzerland, located at the junction of lines to Zurich, Basel , Bern , and Lucerne , all of which are within 30 minutes by train, and the town is also home to a depot for Swiss Federal Railways.

Significant amounts of artefacts of the Magdalenian (c. 16'000 to 14'000 years ago) have been excavated near Olten.